Structure of the cell membrane and conceptual diagrams of (a) short-range viscosity and (b) long-range viscosity. (a) Random thermal motion of lipids on a nanometer scale is not impeded by proteins or ...

Biomedical engineers have developed a silk-based, ultrathin membrane that can be used in organ-on-a-chip models to better mimic the natural environment of cells and tissues within the body. When used ...

Numerous solutions have already been proposed to reduce the thickness gradient and potential for dry spots. In reference [2], the main existing solutions were presented and a multifunctional solution, ...