Spiral scanning creates six distinguishable polarization patterns in ferroelectric films, enabling data storage beyond binary ...

Magnetism is usually taught as a story of straight lines, with field arrows marching neatly from north to south. In a lab at Florida State University, that picture has just been shattered by a new ...

The vortex is ubiquitous in nature, spanning from the galaxy, ocean flow, to phyllotaxis. In electromagnetic wave, the vortex can be found in spiral wavefront profiles, representing the orbital ...