Abstract: Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) occupy a pivotal position in the contemporary societal landscape, with one of their widespread applications being the vehicle routing problem, ...

Abstract: The Reentrant Flexible Flow Shop Scheduling Problem (RFFSP) involves multiple repetitions of job processing in the production system, which leads to higher scheduling complexity. To solve ...

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The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their ...