From reproductive rights to climate change to Big Tech, The Independent is on the ground when the story is developing. Whether it's investigating the financials of Elon Musk's pro-Trump PAC or ...

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Abstract: An automotive, fluid-control solenoid valve is composed of an electromagnetic reluctance actuator and a near-constant-force spring. Its motion profile is characterized by short ...

Abstract: As crucial parts of various engineering systems, solenoid valves (SVs) are of great importance and their failure may cause unexpected casualties. Accurately predicting the remaining useful ...

Heart valve disease affects about 2.5% of Americans and is more common in older adults. Mitral valve prolapse can be harmless but may lead to significant mitral regurgitation in some people. Aortic ...