Design engineers routinely rely on bolted joints, yet most guidance focuses on axial stiffness—often overlooking moment (pitch) stiffness, which can dominate compliance in ...

Structural biology is the study of the molecular structure and dynamics of biological macromolecules, particularly proteins and nucleic acids, and how alterations in their structures affect their ...

Western or immunoblotting analysis of protein expression in cells and tissues has been the major analytical tool for assessing molecular biological functions in basic cell biological research, ...

Objective Knee crepitus, the audible crackling or grinding noise during knee movement, can be experienced across the lifespan and create concern for underlying pathology. Our systematic review aims to ...