Virtual particles may not be real, but they help physicists track how forces move, and allow for incredibly precise ...

Differential equations are fundamental tools in physics: they are used to describe phenomena ranging from fluid dynamics to general relativity. But when these equations become stiff (i.e. they involve ...

Cold atoms could also potentially measure much lower vacuum pressures than ion gauges can. The current lowest pressure they’ve reliably measured is around 10 -9 Pa, and NIST scientists are working on ...

Abstract: Tracking error prediction and compensation is essential to ensure the accuracy of robotic motion trajectories in various tasks. Due to the structural ...