This study investigated the cognitive (first language [L1] and foreign language [FL]), linguistic (L1 and FL), and motivational characteristics of weak FL readers in contrast to strong readers in 3 ...

This study investigated the effects of a group of task factors on advanced English as a second language learners’ actual and perceived listening performance. We examined whether the speed, linguistic ...

It’s no disrespect to speakers of, say, Tagalog to enforce English as our predominant language — and not learning it excludes them from the mainstream of American life.