The distribution of outermost shell electrons, known as valence electrons, of organic molecules was experimentally observed for the first time by a team led by Nagoya University in Japan. As the ...

Valence Electron Examples: Valence electrons play an important role in the field of chemistry, affecting how atoms interact and bond with each other. These outermost electrons are responsible for ...

Controlling electronic 1 and/or nuclear 2,3 motion in molecules using external fields represents, at the moment, the ‘holy grail’ of chemistry. More than half a century ago, the 1966 Nobel Prize ...

Note: This video is designed to help the teacher better understand the lesson and is NOT intended to be shown to students. It includes observations and conclusions that students are meant to make on ...

If phosphorous has five electrons in its outermost shell, meaning it needs only three more to fill the shell, how can it form FOUR valence bonds when used as a dopant in a silicon crystal? This is one ...

When two hydrogen atoms get close enough, the electron from each atom feels an attraction from the proton in the other atom's nucleus. This attraction pulls the atoms together. The electrons end up ...