On June 29, 2014, which coincided with the first day of Ramadan, the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) declared the restoration of the caliphate. Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, a shadowy figure with a $10 ...
The Ottoman Chief Eunuch was an influential figure. In this and other caliphates, eunuchs supervised the harem, the princes, the financial affairs of the palace and the mosques, as well as controlling ...
Egypt’s mediaeval Fatimid rulers are the subject of a new book providing a comprehensive portrait of the dynasty, writes David Tresilian Despite having ruled Egypt almost exactly a thousand years ago, ...
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