Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has evolved into a pivotal tool for investigating surfaces at the nanometre scale, providing detailed insight into both topographical and mechanical characteristics. This ...

Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formulae but different structural formulae. They have the same number of each type of atom. They can be part of the same or different homologous series, e ...

Compared with alkanes, alcohols have significantly higher boiling points. The hydroxyl groups in alcohol molecules are responsible for hydrogen bonding between the alcohol molecules. As greater energy ...