Physicists have developed a process to generate improved lenses for X-ray microscopy that provide both better resolution and higher throughput. To accomplish this, they fabricate three-dimensional ...

High-precision alignment between the microlens array and the fiber-positioning microplate is of great significance in developing fiber-based integrated field units (IFU). In this paper, we propose a ...

Wave nature of light, mathematics of wave motion, electro-magnetic theory of light propagation, reflection and refraction, Fresnel coefficients, polarization, interference, Young's experiment, fringe ...

An optical tweezer that uses a Fresnel zone plate to trap instead of an objective lens could provide a cheaper and more flexible alternative to conventional optical traps. A team from the US has ...

A laser beam is shone onto a variable rectangular aperture. The size of the hole determines the type of diffraction produces on the screen. Very small apertures produce Fraunhofer diffraction, and ...