In mathematics and computer science, a directed acyclic graph, is a finite directed graph with no directed cycles. It consists of finitely many vertices and edges, with each edge directed from one ...

The more time you spend in the blockchain and cryptocurrency industry, the more you encounter some fairly arcane technologies and their accompanying terminologies. Blockchain technology, which started ...

Bitcoin, created by an anonymous entity known as Satoshi Nakamoto, utilizes a blockchain, a distributed and immutable ledger that records all transactions in a linear fashion. Each block in the chain ...

We present results that allow the researcher in certain cases to determine the direction of the bias that arises when control for confounding is inadequate. The results are given within the context of ...

Recent clinical trials in oncology have used increasingly complex methodologies, such as causal inference methods for intercurrent events, external control, and covariate adjustment, posing challenges ...