Prior to the development of ESWL or instruments suitable for ureteroscopy, management of ureteral calculi was limited to open ureterolithotomy, blind basketry, or "wait-and-see" observation in hopes ...
Several explanations have been suggested to account for the failure of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) treatment in patients with urinary stones, including large stone volume, unfavorable ...
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