Millions of years before blue oceans and wandering continents, the Earth in its early days was a molten, tumultuous planet — a roiling mixture of rock and metal condensing within the nascent solar ...

We show how this "cosmic clock" uncovers the evolution of rivers, coasts and habitats.

A 2020 astronaut photo shows the oasis town of Jubbah lurking within a paleolake in the wind shadow of Saudi Arabia's "two ...

New research suggests that the explosive death throes of massive stars, known as supernovas, may have had dramatic effects on our planet's climate over its distant history. Investigating historic ...

Scientists say they have found geochemical traces of Earth’s ancient self hidden far below our feet, suggesting that parts of the planet that existed before the Moon-forming collision 4.5 billion ...

By resurrecting a 3.2-billion-year-old enzyme and studying it inside living microbes, researchers at the University of ...

For decades, geologists labeled a billion-year stretch of Earth’s history—from 1.8 to 0.8 billion years ago—as the “Boring Billion.” They assumed not much occurred during the time: mountain building ...

Scientists believe they’ve found evidence that life on Earth is over a billion years older than anyone believed was realistic. New research used machine learning to scan ancient meteorites and fossils ...